{"id":424,"count":1,"description":"[:pl]Zorza polarna (aurora borealis, aurora australis) to obserwowane ww pobli\u017cu biegun\u00f3w magnetycznych zjawisko \u015bwietlne  powstaj\u0105ce w wyniku interacji na\u0142adowanych cz\u0105stek wiatru s\u0142onecznego z polem magnetycznym Ziemi i atmosfer\u0105 naszej planety. Na Ziemi zorze wyst\u0119puj\u0105 na wysokich szeroko\u015bciach geograficznych, g\u0142\u00f3wnie za ko\u0142ami podbiegunowymi, chocia\u017c w sprzyjaj\u0105cych warunkach bywaj\u0105 widoczne nawet w okolicach 50. r\u00f3wnole\u017cnika. [:en]An aurora is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky. They are the result of disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere\/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.[:ua]\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0301\u0439\u0432\u043e (\u043b\u0430\u0442. aurora polaris), \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u043e (\u043b\u0430\u0442. aurora borealis) \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u043e (\u043b\u0430\u0442. aurora australis) \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0456\u0432.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 20\u201435 \u00b0 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0437 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u044c, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0446.\r\n\r\n\u0417\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c: \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u043e \u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044f\u0439\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0431. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0437 11-\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, 27-\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e[:de]Das Polarlicht (wissenschaftlich Aurora borealis als Nordlicht auf der Nordhalbkugel und Aurora australis als S\u00fcdlicht auf der S\u00fcdhalbkugel) ist eine Leuchterscheinung durch angeregte Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffatome der Hochatmosph\u00e4re, also ein Elektrometeor. Polarlichter sind meistens in etwa 3 bis 6 Breitengrade umfassenden B\u00e4ndern in der N\u00e4he der Magnetpole zu sehen. Hervorgerufen werden sie durch energiereiche geladene Teilchen, die mit dem Erdmagnetfeld wechselwirken. Dadurch, dass jene Teilchen in den Polarregionen auf die Erdatmosph\u00e4re treffen, entsteht das Leuchten am Himmel.[:it]L'aurora polare \u00e8 un fenomeno caratterizzato visivamente da bande luminose che assumono un'ampia gamma di forme e colori, rapidamente mutevoli nel tempo e nello spazio, di solito di colore rosso-verde-azzurro, detti archi aurorali, causato dall'interazione di particelle cariche (protoni ed elettroni) di origine solare (vento solare) con la ionosfera terrestre (atmosfera tra i 100-500 km): tali particelle eccitano gli atomi dell'atmosfera che diseccitandosi in seguito emettono luce di varie lunghezze d'onda. Viene denominata aurora boreale qualora si verifichi nell'emisfero nord (boreale), mentre il nome aurora australe \u00e8 riferito all'analogo dell'emisfero sud (australe).\r\n\r\nIl 28 agosto 1859 furono avvistate alcune aurore lungo una vasta area del territorio americano. Nei centri scientifici di tutto il mondo, la strumentazione sub\u00ec forti e inspiegabili variazioni e correnti spurie si formarono nelle linee telegrafiche.[1] Il giorno seguente, l'astronomo inglese Richard Christopher Carrington not\u00f2 un gruppo di macchie solari di dimensioni insolitamente grandi, dal quale partiva un lampo di luce biancastra, che, dopo qualche ora, produsse una seconda ondata di aurore di grande intensit\u00e0. Con la \"Grande Aurora\" del 1859 (chiamata anche \"evento di Carrington\"), i modelli di spiegazione dei fenomeni di attivit\u00e0 solare si evolsero rapidamente: le antiche ipotesi di lampi ad alta quota, o di luce riflessa da iceberg, furono sostituite da quelle pi\u00f9 attinenti agli eventi solari e alla perturbazione.[:es]Aurora polar (o aurora polaris) es un fen\u00f3meno en forma de luminiscencia que se observa con m\u00e1s facilidad en el cielo nocturno, generalmente en zonas polares, aunque puede aparecer en otras zonas del mundo durante breves per\u00edodos (tormentas geomagn\u00e9ticas).\r\n\r\nEn el hemisferio sur es conocida como aurora austral y en el hemisferio norte como aurora boreal (de Aurora, la diosa romana del amanecer, la palabra latina Auster, que significa sur, y la palabra griega B\u00f3reas, que significa norte).\r\n\r\nLas auroras son el resultado de perturbaciones en la magnetosfera causadas por el viento solar. Las principales perturbaciones se deben a aumentos en la velocidad del viento solar provocados por agujeros coronales y eyecciones de masa coronal. Estas perturbaciones alteran las trayectorias de part\u00edculas cargadas en el plasma magnetosf\u00e9rico. Estas part\u00edculas, principalmente electrones y protones, precipitan en la alta atm\u00f3sfera (termosfera\/exosfera). La ionizaci\u00f3n resultante y la excitaci\u00f3n de los constituyentes atmosf\u00e9ricos emiten una luz de color y complejidad variables. La forma de la aurora, que se produce en bandas alrededor de ambas regiones polares, tambi\u00e9n depende de la cantidad de aceleraci\u00f3n impartida a las part\u00edculas precipitantes.[:fr]Une aurore polaire, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e \u00ab aurore bor\u00e9ale \u00bb dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et \u00ab aurore australe \u00bb dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud, est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne lumineux atmosph\u00e9rique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des voiles extr\u00eamement color\u00e9s dans le ciel nocturne, le vert \u00e9tant pr\u00e9dominant dans les latitudes proches des p\u00f4les.\r\n\r\nProvoqu\u00e9es par l'interaction entre les particules charg\u00e9es du vent solaire et la haute atmosph\u00e8re, les aurores se produisent principalement dans les r\u00e9gions proches des p\u00f4les magn\u00e9tiques, dans une zone annulaire justement appel\u00e9e \u00ab zone aurorale \u00bb (entre 65 et 75\u00b0 de latitude).\r\n\r\nEn cas d'activit\u00e9 magn\u00e9tique solaire intense, l'arc auroral s'\u00e9tend et commence \u00e0 envahir des zones beaucoup plus proches de l'\u00e9quateur.[:]","link":"https:\/\/eclipses.eu\/index.php\/category\/zorze-polarne\/","name":"Zorze Polarne","slug":"zorze-polarne","taxonomy":"category","parent":0,"meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eclipses.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eclipses.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eclipses.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/eclipses.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}